Risk phrases

 

 

R1           Explosive when dry

 

 

R2           Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition

 

 

R3           Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition

 

 

R4           Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds

 

 

R5           Heating may cause an explosion

 

 

R6           Explosive with or without contact with air

 

 

R7           May cause fire

 

 

R8           Contact with combustible material may cause fire

 

 

R9           Explosive when mixed with combustible material

 

 

R10         Flammable

 

 

R11         Highly flammable

 

 

R12         Extremely flammable

 

 

R14         Reacts violently with water

 

 

R14/15 Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases

 

 

R15         Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases

 

 

R15/29 Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gases

 

 

R16         Explosive when mixed with oxidising substances

 

 

R17         Spontaneously flammable in air

 

 

R18         In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture

 

 

R19         May form explosive peroxides

 

 

R20         Harmful by inhalation

 

 

R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin

 

 

R20/21/22           Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed

 

 

R21         Harmful in contact with skin

 

 

R21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R22         Harmful if swallowed

 

 

R23         Toxic by inhalation

 

 

R23/24 Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin

 

 

R23/24/25           Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed

 

 

R24         Toxic in contact with skin

 

 

R24/25 Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R25         Toxic if swallowed

 

 

R26         Very toxic by inhalation

 

 

R26/27 Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin

 

 

R26/27/28           Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R26/28 Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed

 

 

R27         Very toxic in contact with skin

 

 

R27/28 Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R28         Very toxic if swallowed

 

 

R29         Contact with water liberates toxic gas

 

 

R30         Can become highly flammable in use

 

 

R31         Contact with acids liberates toxic gas

 

 

R32         Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas

 

 

R33         Danger of cumulative effects

 

 

R34         Causes burns

 

 

R35         Causes severe burns

 

 

R36         Irritating to eyes

 

 

R36/37 Irritating to eyes and respiratory system

 

 

R36/37/38           Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin

 

 

R36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin

 

 

R37         Irritating to respiratory system

 

 

R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin

 

 

R38         Irritating to skin

 

 

R39         Danger of very serious irreversible effects

 

 

R39/23 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation

 

 

R39/23/24           Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin

 

 

R39/23/24/25     Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R39/23/25           Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed

 

 

R39/24 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin

 

 

R39/24/25           Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R39/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed

 

 

R39/26 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation

 

 

R39/26/27           Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin

 

 

R39/26/27/28     Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R39/26/28           Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed

 

 

R39/27 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin

 

 

R39/27/28           Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed

 

 

R39/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed

 

 

R40         Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect

 

 

R41         Risk of serious damage to eyes

 

 

R42         May cause sensitisation by inhalation

 

 

R43         May cause sensitisation by skin contact

 

 

R42/43 May cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact

 

 

R44         Risk of explosion if heated under confinement

 

 

R45         May cause cancer

 

 

R46         May cause heritable genetic damage

 

 

R48         Danger of serious

در سال ۱۶۶۸ فردى به نام ژاكوب مرك داروخانه بسيار كوچكى در شهر دارمشتات آلمان تاسيس كرد كه امروزه يكى از غول هاى صنايع داروسازى دنيا محسوب مى شود. داروخانه مذكور در سال ۱۸۲۷ توسط يكى از وارثين مرك به نام هاينچ امانوئل به يك شركت داروسازى تبديل شد كه در ابتدا عمدتاً مرفين، كدئين و كوكائين توليد مى كرد. نواده اين فرد جورج دبليو مرك شصت و چهار سال بعد به آمريكا رفت و در سال ۱۹۰۳ كارخانه داروسازى مرك را در آمريكا بنياد نهاد. امروزه كمپاني مرك در آلمان يكي از بزرگترين كارخانجات توليد كننده مواد اوليه داروئي و شيميايي ميباشد كه در سرتاسر جهان داراي نمايندگي ميباشد.

 

 

 

 

تاریخ: 5 اسفند 1390برچسب:,